Articles on the Indian Constitution

Articles on the Indian Constitution 

 

Part 1 – Art. 1 to art. 4

Article 1- Name and territory of the union.

Article 2 – Admission and Establishment of the new state.

Article 3 – Formation of new states and alteration of areas, boundaries, and the name of existing states.

 

Part 2 – Art. 5 to art. 11

Article 5 – Citizenship at the commencement of the constitution.

Article 6- Rights of citizenship of a certain person who has migrated to India from Pakistan.

Article 10- continuance of rights of citizenship.

Article 11- Parliament to regulate the right of citizenship by law.

 

 

Part 3 – Art.12 to art.35

Article 12- Definition of the state

Article 13 Laws inconsistent with or in derogation of the fundamental rights.

Originally, the constitution provided for 7 basic fundamental rights, now there are only six rights, one Right to property U/A 31 was deleted from the list of fundamental rights by 44th amendment act 1978. It made a legal right U/A 300-A in Part XII of the constitution.

Some important Fundamental Rights are:

 

RIGHT TO EQUALITY: ART. 14 TO ART. 18

Article 14- Equality before the law.

Article 15- Prohibition of discrimination on the grounds of religion, race, caste, sex. Or place of birth.

Article 16- Equality of opportunity in matters of public employment.

Article 17- Abolition of untouchability.

Article 18- Abolition of titles.

 

RIGHT TO FREEDOM: ART. 19 TO ART. 22

Art.19 guarantees to all the citizens the six rights

· (a) Right to freedom of speech and expression.

· (b) Right to assemble peacefully and without arms.

· (c) Right to form associations or unions.

· (d) Right to move freely throughout the territory of India.

· (e) Right to reside and settle in any part of the territory of India.

· (f) Right to practice any profession or to carry on any occupation, trade, and business.

Article 20- Protection in respect of conviction for offences.

Article 21-Protection of life and personal liberty.

Article 21A –  Right to education

Article 22- Protection against arrest and detention in certain cases.

 

RIGHT AGAINST EXPLOITATION: ART.23 & ART. 24

Article 23- Prohibition of traffic in human beings and forced labour.

Article 24- Prohibition of employment of children in factories and mines under age of 14.

 

RIGHT TO FREEDOM OF RELIGION: ART.25 TO ART. 28

Article 25- Freedom of conscience and free profession, practice and propagation of religion.

Article 26- Freedom to manage religious affairs.

Article 27- Freedom as to pay taxes for promotion of any particular religion.

Article 28- Freedom from attending religious instruction.

 

CULTURAL AND EDUCATIONAL RIGHTS: ART.29 & ART. 30

Article 29- Protection of interest of minorities.

Article 30- Right of minorities to establish and administer educational institutions.

Article 32- Remedies for enforcement of Fundamental Rights.

 

Part.4 Directive Principle of states Policy: Art 36 to art. 51

Article 36- Definition

Article 37- Application of DPSP

Article 39A- Equal justice and free legal aid

Article 40- Organisation of village panchayat

Article 41- Right to work, to education, and to public assistance in certain cases

Article 43- Living Wages, etc. for Workers.

Article 43A- Participation of workers in management of industries.

Article 44- Uniform civil code.( applicable in Goa only)

Article 45- Provision for free and compulsory education for children.

Article 46- Promotion of educational and economic interest of scheduled castes, ST, and OBC.

Article 47-Duty of the state to raise the level of nutrition and the standard of living and to improve public health.

Article 48-Organisation of agriculture and animal husbandry.

Article 49- Protection of monuments and places and objects of natural importance.

Article 50- Separation of judiciary from the executive.

Article 51- Promotion of international peace and security.

 

Fundamental Duties: Part IV-A- Art 51A

It contains, originally 10 duties, now it contains 11 duties by 86th amendments act 2002.

 

Part 5 – Union ( 52-151)

Article 52- The President of India

Article 53- Executive Power of the union.

Article 54- Election of President

Article 61- Procedure for Impeachment of the President.

Article 63- The Vice-president of India.

Article 64- The Vice-President to be ex-officio chairman of the Council of States.

Article 66-Election of Vice-president.

Article 72-Pardoning powers of the President.

Article 74- Council of Ministers to aid and advise the President.

Article 76- Attorney-General for India.

Article 79- Constitution of Parliament

Article 80- Composition of Rajya Sabha.

Article 81- Composition of Lok Sabha.

Article 83- Duration of Houses of Parliament.

Article 93- The speakers and Deputy speakers of the house of the people.

Article 105- Powers, Privileges, etc of the House of Parliament.

Article 109- Special procedure in respect of money bills

Article 110- Definition of “Money Bills”.

Article 112- Annual Financial Budget.

Article 114-Appropriation Bills.

Article 123- Powers of the President to promulgate Ordinances during recess of parliament.

Article 124- Establishment of Supreme Court.

Article 125- Salaries of Judges.

Article 126- Appointment of acting Chief justice.

Article 127- Appointment of ad-hoc judges.

Article 128-Attendance of a retired judge at sitting of the Supreme Court.

Article 129- Supreme court to be a court of Record.

Article 130- Seat of the Supreme court.

Article 136- Special leaves for appeal to the Supreme Court.

Article 137- Review of judgement or orders by the Supreme court.

Article 141-Decision of the Supreme Court binding on all the courts.

Article 148- Comptroller and Auditor- General of India

Article 149- Duties and Powers of CAG.

 

Part 6 – States ( 152-237)

Article 153- Governors of State

Article 154- Executive Powers of Governor.

Article 161- Pardoning powers of the Governor.

Article 165- Advocate-General of the State.

Article 213- Power of Governor to promulgate ordinances.

Article 214- High Courts for states.

Article 215- High Courts to be a court of record.

Article 226- Power of High Courts to issue certain writs.

Article 233- Appointment of District judges.

Article 235- Control over Subordinate Courts.

 

Part 7 – 238 – Repealed

 

Part 8 – 239-242 – Union Territories

 

Part 9 – 243-243 O – Panchayats

Article 243A- Gram Sabha

Article 243B- Constitution of Panchayats

 

Part 9A – 243 P-243 ZG – Municipalities

 

Part 9B – 243 ZH-243 ZT- Co-operative Societies

 

Part 10: Scheduled and Tribal Areas -244

 

Part 11: Center- State Relations 245 – 263

 

Part 12: Finance, Property, Contracts and Suits (264 – 300A)

Article 266- Consolidated Fund and Public Accounts Fund

Article 267- Contingency Fund of India

Article 280- Finance Commission

Article 300-A- Right to property.

 

Part 13: Trade, Commerce and Intercourse within the territories of India (301-307)

Article 301-Freedom to trade, commerce, and intercourse.

Article 302- Power of Parliament to impose restrictions on trade, commerce, and intercourse.

 

Part 14: Services Under Center and State (308-323)

Article 312- All- India-Service.

Article 315- Public service commissions for the union and for the states

Article 320- Functions of Public Service Commission.

 

Part 14A: Tribunals (323 A – 323 B)

Article 323A- Administrative Tribunals

 

Part 15 : Elections (324 – 329)

Article 324-Superintendence, direction and control of Elections to be vested in an Election Commission.

Article 325- No person to be ineligible for inclusion in or to claim to be included in a special, electoral roll on grounds of religion, race, caste, or sex.

Article 326- Elections to the house of the people and to the legislative assemblies of states to be on the basis of adult suffrage.

 

Part 16: Special Provisions to SC, ST, OBC, Minorities etc (330 -342)

Article 338- National Commission for the SC, & ST.

Article 340- Appointment of a commission to investigate the conditions of backward classes.

 

Part 17: Official Language (343- 351)

Article 343- Official languages of the Union.

Article 345- Official languages or languages of states.

Article 348- Languages to be used in the Supreme Court and in the High Courts.

Article 351-Directive for development of the Hindi languages.

 

Part 18: Emergency (352-360)

Article 352- Proclamation of emergency ( National Emergency).

Article 356- State Emergency (President’s Rule)

Article 360- Financial Emergency

 

Part 19: Miscellaneous (361-367)

Article 361- Protection of President and Governors

 

Part 20: Amendment of Constitution (368)

Article 368- Powers of Parliaments to amend the constitution.

 

Part 21: Special, Transitional and Temporary Provisions (369 – 392)

Article 370 – Special provision of J&K.

Article 371A –  Special provision with respect to the State of Nagaland

Article 371-J: Special Status for Hyderabad-Karnataka region

 

Part 22: Short Text, Commencement, Authoritative Text in Hindi and Repeals (392 – 395)

Article 393 – Short title – This Constitution may be called the Constitution of India.

 

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